Piaget
- Children
adapt to their environment. This is a desire that sparks their curiosity.
- In the
concrete operational stage, children learn about conservation.
Vygotsky
- Vygotsky
felt that social interaction provided the foundation for cognitive
development.
- Everyone
learns by building on previous experiences. This is known as scaffolding.
Behaviorism
- Positive
and negative reinforcement both increase behavior. However, positive
reinforcement increases behavior by adding a stimulus, and negative
reinforcement increases behavior by removing a stimulus.
- In operant
conditioning the manipulator uses a stimulus to create a desired response.
Information Processing
- Information
must first go into the short-term memory before it can be “filed” in the
long-term memory. There is only about twenty seconds in which this process
occurs.
- If a
teacher gives students a review for an exam, they tend to do better on
tests than if none is given. The review gives them “specific strategies
for learning.”
